How many regional lymph nodes must be removed and examined in colon cancer resections?

In colon cancer resections, it is recommended that a minimum of 12 regional lymph nodes be removed and examined. This guideline is based on extensive research that has shown that examining at least 12 lymph nodes during pathology assessment significantly increases the likelihood of accurately staging the cancer. Adequate lymph node assessment is crucial because it helps in determining the extent of disease spread, which is essential for appropriate treatment planning and prognostication.

This benchmark has been established to ensure that the pathologist can identify potential metastases that might otherwise go unnoticed if a smaller number of nodes were examined. Fewer than 12 nodes may lead to an understaging of the cancer, which can affect patient outcomes and the effectiveness of subsequent therapy.

In the context of staging colon cancer and making treatment decisions, the emphasis on examining a larger number of lymph nodes is a critical point in oncology practice, ensuring comprehensive assessment and optimal patient care.