What does hematemesis refer to?

Hematemesis refers specifically to the act of vomiting blood. This condition can occur due to various underlying medical issues, such as gastrointestinal bleeding from ulcers, varices, or malignancies. Understanding this term is critical in oncology and general medicine, as the presence of blood in vomit may indicate serious health conditions requiring immediate medical evaluation.

The other options do not relate to hematemesis. Excessive urination pertains to urination issues, while itching is a symptom that may arise from various dermatological or systemic conditions. A contagious skin disease refers to infections that can be spread from person to person, which is not related to the act of vomiting or blood. Each of these conditions represents distinct medical concerns, but they do not involve the specific symptom of vomiting blood that identifies hematemesis.