What does phagocytosis involve?

Phagocytosis is a vital immune response mechanism where certain cells, known as phagocytes, actively engulf and ingest foreign particles, such as bacteria, dead cells, and other debris. This process is crucial for the body’s ability to eliminate pathogens and initiate healing in response to infection or injury. During phagocytosis, the phagocyte surrounds the target particle with its cell membrane, forming a pouch that eventually encases and ingests the particle. Once inside, the particle is broken down by enzymes.

This is distinct from the other options, which describe different biological processes. The production of antibodies is related to the adaptive immune response and involves B cells, while the formation of new blood cells pertains to hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Clotting of blood is part of hemostasis, a different physiological process involving platelets and clotting factors. Thus, the choice that aligns perfectly with the definition and role of phagocytosis is the engulfing and ingesting of foreign particles.