What is the role of p16 in relation to cancer?

p16 is classified as a tumor suppressor protein, and it plays a significant role in regulating the cell cycle. Specifically, it inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are essential for the transition of cells from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle. By doing so, p16 helps control cellular proliferation and prevents uncontrolled cell division, a hallmark of cancer. When the function of p16 is lost or mutated, it can lead to unregulated cell growth, contributing to the development of various cancers, particularly those associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), such as cervical cancer.

In addition to its role in cancer biology, p16 is often used as a biomarker in diagnostic pathology to identify tumors associated with HPV, further highlighting its importance in oncology. Other options, such as diagnostic imaging tools, treatment plans, and tumor size measurements, focus on different aspects of cancer management and do not directly address the biological role of p16.