Which of the following is associated with poor survival rates in breast cancer?

High expression of the p53 gene is associated with poor survival rates in breast cancer because p53 plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle and maintaining genomic stability. It is often referred to as the "guardian of the genome" due to its function in preventing the proliferation of cells that have incurred DNA damage. When the p53 gene is mutated or overexpressed, it can lead to the development of more aggressive tumor characteristics, increased rates of aneuploidy, and a higher likelihood of metastasis, all of which contribute to worse clinical outcomes for patients.

In breast cancer, high levels of p53 expression are often correlated with negative prognostic factors, including enhanced tumor aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy. Understanding the status of p53 can help clinicians predict disease behavior and tailor more effective treatment strategies.

On the other hand, factors such as tumor size, HER2 normalization, and the presence of benign tumors do not generally correlate with poorer survival rates in the same way. Low tumor size is typically associated with better prognosis as smaller tumors are often detected at an earlier stage. Normalization of HER2 refers to the process in which the overexpression of the HER2 protein returns to standard levels, which is often associated with a better response to treatment