Which of the following registries is an example of a non-population-based central registry?

The Central Tumor Registry of the Department of Defense is considered a non-population-based central registry because it specifically collects data related to cancer cases diagnosed among members of the military and related populations, rather than the entire population of a state or community. This type of registry focuses on particular groups rather than trying to include all diagnoses from an entire geographical area, thus making it non-population-based.

In contrast, other options listed, such as the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, state cancer registries, and community cancer registries, are all designed to gather comprehensive data on cancer incidence within broader populations. These registries encompass all diagnosed cases within their designated areas, aiming for extensive population coverage to provide insights into cancer trends, risks, and outcomes on a wider scale. The Central Tumor Registry of the Department of Defense's targeted approach differentiates it clearly as a non-population-based entity.