Which rule protects against anticipated impermissible uses or disclosures not allowed by the rule?

The correct answer focuses on the Privacy Rule, which is designed to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information against unauthorized uses or disclosures. This rule mandates that covered entities implement safeguards to protect the privacy of individuals and provides individuals with rights over their health information.

The Privacy Rule specifically outlines what constitutes permitted and impermissible uses of health information, thus protecting against anticipated impermissible uses or disclosures by requiring established protocols for handling and sharing personal health data. This ensures that individuals' sensitive information is adequately protected and only shared under defined circumstances, ultimately enhancing patient trust in the healthcare system.

The Security Rule is more focused on the technical safeguards to protect electronic health information, while the Breach Notification Rule establishes requirements for notifying individuals and governments about data breaches that involve unsecured protected health information. The Maintenance Rule is not a recognized rule under HIPAA regulations. Thus, the Privacy Rule is the most relevant for addressing anticipated impermissible uses or disclosures.