Which term describes something that is located near or toward the tail of the body?

The term that describes something located near or toward the tail of the body is "caudal." This anatomical term is derived from the Latin word "cauda," which means "tail." In the context of human anatomy, "caudal" refers to structures that are situated towards the lower end of the spinal column or posterior aspects of the body, effectively indicating a direction downwards toward the tail.

When considering this term in relation to the other choices, "medial" describes a position closer to the midline of the body, while "peripheral" refers to structures that are towards the outer edges or parts, away from the center. "Axial," on the other hand, pertains to the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk. Each of these terms provides essential spatial orientation in anatomy, but "caudal" specifically addresses the tail-end location, making it the correct answer in this context.