Which type of cancer registries can be established?

The ability to establish cancer registries encompasses both voluntary initiatives and those mandated by state law. This dual approach reflects a comprehensive understanding of cancer surveillance. When registries are established voluntarily, they can be created by hospitals, healthcare systems, or other organizations seeking to track cancer incidence for various purposes, including research and quality improvement. Such voluntary registries often provide rich data that can help in improving patient outcomes and identify trends within specific populations.

On the other hand, state-mandated cancer registries are often required by law to ensure a standardized collection of cancer data across the state. This ensures that all cancer cases are reported consistently, aiding in effective public health response and resource allocation. The combination of both voluntary and mandated registries allows for a more robust system of cancer data collection and analysis, facilitating advances in epidemiology, treatment outcomes, and prevention strategies.

The other potential options do not reflect the full spectrum of how cancer registries are established and operated, as they imply limitations that do not consider the collaborative nature between voluntary actions and legal requirements in establishing comprehensive cancer surveillance systems.